In the Midwest and Eastern US, PLH are considered the most damaging insect pest to alfalfa yield and quality. PLH damage can lead to stunting, lower yields, reduced crude protein content, loss of forage palatability, and loss of stand density.
Here's some general information on PLH damage and management.
General Information
PLH control is generally needed during July and August in the Midwest and Eastern U.S.
Hot growing conditions can cause PLH populations to increase very quickly.
Pay special attention to new seedings and 3rd crop regrowth.
Threshold: 1 adult in 10 sweeps. Adults at threshold are an indication deadly immatures are not far behind. Immatures (nymphs) are the most damaging stage of PLH.
Do not spray stubble for PLH control; wait for 3-4 inches regrowth or about 5-6 days to entice PLH back into fields.
PLH can cause severe damage to alfalfa plants before the yellow “burn” appears on leaves; Use a sweep net to detect PLH before symptoms appear. Once symptoms appear, damage is already done.
Damage:
PLH causes a yellow V-shaped “hopper burn” pattern on leaves. Cell sap is extracted from plants, damaging the plant’s plumbing system (phloem and xylem), restricting water and nutrient flow.
“Hopper burn” is a result from the PLH injecting a toxin during nutrient extraction. Once the classic yellow Vshaped pattern appears, the damage is done. Purple coloration often occurs as plant sugars produced in leaves are unable to be processed normally.
Stunted plants will have reduced root growth, water usage and weeds can often gain advantage.
Reduces yield potential; yield losses up to 0.5 DM Ton/acre per cutting or more.
Reduces quality and crude protein, increases nondigestible NDF fiber levels resulting in reduced forage intakes and palatability.
Weakens alfalfa plant health allowing for other foliar diseases and stress to alfalfa.
New seedings are especially susceptible to PLH damage and can result in yield
CROPLAN Forage Specialist Jeff Jackson provides more information on potato leafhoppers in alfalfa in this video:
Contact your local Premier agronomist for more information on PLH management.
By the time you are reading this, south central Wisconsin will be just over 45 days since vegetative growth stage (VT), otherwise known as tassel. Although many factors are taken into place, 42 to 47 days post tassel is a signal that the plant is ready to be harvested for corn silage. With how busy and chaotic this season may be, it is important to remember the basics to maximize your feed quality for the upcoming year.
Current headlines surrounding the fertilizer markets tend to focus on high prices and affordability issues, especially with falling commodity prices. Ratios comparing the bushels of corn needed to buy a ton of fertilizer have, in some cases, reached record levels. Multiple factors including supply, tariffs, geopolitical tensions, and other global events are influencing markets today. Together, these factors have led to volatility in the market and current high costs.
I hope everyone had the chance to enjoy Labor Day weekend with family and friends. As summer begins to wind down, and with the many fairs throughout the area coming to a close, I’d like to congratulate all the kids who participated this year. If you haven’t done so already, there’s still time to check out our website for details on how our members’ kids can earn cash for showing livestock at the fair. In addition to awarding thousands of dollars to participants each year, Premier is also proud to sponsor many of the trophies presented at some of the local fairs. In some cases, we also provide products and financial support to local 4H groups traveling to the state fair. Good luck to all of you as you wrap up another show season.
